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Dichanthelium koolauense

(H.St.John & Hosaka) C.A.Clark & Gould (1978)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Dichanthelium

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials forming low tussocks or mats.

Stems: Culms numerous, tightly packed, densely leafy, 5-15 cm tall.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Leaves short, narrow, strongly-veined, closely imbricated; blades usually 0.7-1.8 cm long and 1-1.8 mm wide. Tapering to a narrow, involute apex. Surfaces glabrous or scaberulous. Veins parallel. Sheaths puberulent, especially toward base, and ciliate; ligule minute, usually less than 0.2 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Inflorescences of contracted panicles, or more commonly racemes of 2-3 or occasionally up to 6 spikelets, axis of inflorescence glabrous or only slightly puberulent; spikelets 2-3 mm long; first glume usually 1/2-2/3 as long as spikelet.

Fruit: Fruit a caryopsis

Ploidy:

Habitat: Found on wet exposed ridgetops and slopes.

Elevation Range: 610–860 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Brittonia 30: 58 (1978)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1526 (O [as D. koolauense]); Herbst & Clayton 1998:30 (WM [as Panicum koolauense]); Aliscioni et al. 2003:816/Wagner & Herbst 2003:60 (maintain Dichanthelium as distinct from Panicum)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Dichanthelium koolauense W Maui, Eke Crater Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 321 Maui BISH 1982-11-09
2 Dichanthelium koolauense N Halawa Valley, Koolau Range Cloud zone, turf on divide. Preserved_Specimen Forming rounded tussocks. St.John, H. 20416 Oahu BISH 1943-12-12
3 Dichanthelium koolauense Kipapa Ridge Trail On wet, exposed, windswept summit Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1243 Oahu BISH 1968-09-28
4 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, Kahana, Waikane-Schofield Trail Tussocks on divide. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10178 Oahu BISH 1930-01-19
5 Dichanthelium koolauense Kipapa Trail, S ridge of Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Range In cloud zone. Preserved_Specimen In tufts on ground. Ozaki, E.T. 564 Oahu BISH 1953-09-27
6 Dichanthelium koolauense Poamoho Trail, access of which is through pineapple field near Wahiawa On windswept summit of trail. Preserved_Specimen Mat-forming. Herbst, D.R. 1128 Oahu BISH 1968-06-09
7 Dichanthelium koolauense Main divide, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts On wet ridge. Preserved_Specimen Forming mat. Hosaka, E.Y. 1154 Oahu BISH 1933-08-06
8 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, head of Poamoho Trail at lip of pali overlooking Punaluu Valley On moist ground. Preserved_Specimen Small bunches of tussocks, 10-20 cm high; fl. not seen. Bryan Jr., E.H. 1497 Oahu BISH 1940-12-22
9 Dichanthelium koolauense Top of cliffs at head of Haiku Valley, main divide of Koolau Mts., Heeia Wet, turfy windswept ridges. Preserved_Specimen Forming dense green turfy masses. Fosberg, F.R. 13875 Oahu BISH 1937-05-23
10 Dichanthelium koolauense Summit of Koolau Mts. above Kipapa Gulch, Waiahole Windward facing ledges. Preserved_Specimen In tufts and mats betw. rocks. Fosberg, F.R. 8671 Oahu BISH 1932-09-18
11 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, Kahana, Waikane-Schofield Trail Tussocks on divide. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10178 Oahu BISH 1930-01-19
12 Dichanthelium koolauense Kipapa-Waiahole crest, Koolau Range Metrosideros-Antidesma forest. Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7219 Oahu BISH 1934-08-07
13 Dichanthelium koolauense Area between Puu Kahuauli and Puu Keahiakahoe along Koolau summit ridge. Mostly native wet/cloud forest mixed within bryophyte layer on ground. Growing with metrosideros polymorpha, Isachne distichophylla, Isachne pallens, Vaccinium dentatum, Schizaea robusta, Miconia crenata, Odontosoria chinensis, Cibotium glaucum, Sadleria pallida, Machaerina angustifolia, Nephrolepis exaltata, Pterolepis glomerata, Dicranopteris linearis, Kadua munroi, Cheirodendron platyphyllum, Plantago pachyphylla, Bazzania cordistipula, Leucobryum pachyphyllum, L. seemannii, Pyrrhobryum pungens, Herbertus aduncus, and others. Preserved_Specimen Small grasses growing in tufts on ground. Infloresence of 2 to 3 flowers per spike. Thomas, M.K. 240 Oahu BISH 2022-01-23
14 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, Halawa, N Halawa-Heeia divide Cloud zone. Preserved_Specimen Mita, D. Oahu BISH 1943-12-12
15 Dichanthelium koolauense Main divide, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts On wet ridge. Preserved_Specimen Forming mat. Hosaka, E.Y. 1154 Oahu BISH 1933-08-06
16 Dichanthelium koolauense Halawa Ridge Trail, Koolau Range On exposed crests. Preserved_Specimen Dense, rounded clumps. Cowan, R.S. 986 Oahu BISH 1948-04-25
17 Dichanthelium koolauense Poamoho Trail On windswept edge of open summit. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27380 Oahu BISH 1961-04-30
18 Dichanthelium koolauense Main divide, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts On wet ridge. Preserved_Specimen Forming mat. Hosaka, E.Y. 1154 Oahu BISH 1933-08-06
19 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Mts. betw. summit of Aiea and Halawa trail, along summit crest In Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis lowland wet shrubland with Scaevola, Psychotria, Alyxia, Melicope, Broussaisia, Cibotium, Machaerina, Bidens, Freycinetia, Bobea elatior, Syzygium sandwicensis, Lycopodium cernuum, Coprosma, Clidemia. Preserved_Specimen Few plants. Perlman, S. 6184 Oahu BISH 1987-07-19
20 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, Paalaa-Wahiawa, Poamoho Trail, summit trail N In rocky vertical bank of trail. Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 240 Oahu BISH 1946-10-20
21 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, Kahana, Waikane-Schofield Trail Tussocks on divide. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10178 Oahu BISH 1930-01-19
22 Dichanthelium koolauense Main divide, crest of Koolau Mts., betw. Uwao Gulch and Kipapa Gulch Bare steep turfy slope. Preserved_Specimen Forming tussocks. Fosberg, F.R. 13918 Oahu BISH 1937-05-30
23 Dichanthelium koolauense Ridge S of Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Densely tufted - 2 to 3 in. high. Morley, H. Oahu BISH 1933-12-10
24 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, Kahana, Waikane-Schofield Trail Tussocks on divide. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10178 Oahu BISH 1930-01-19
25 Dichanthelium koolauense Poamoho Trail; Paalaa-Wahiawa, Koolau Range On gentle, open slope. Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 127 Oahu BISH 1952-04-06
26 Dichanthelium koolauense On top of ridge at junction of the ridge S of Kipapa Gulch with the main Koolau Ridge Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Morley, H. 190 Oahu BISH 1935-02-10
27 Dichanthelium koolauense Honolulu District. Manana trail, on ridge leading to Manana trail Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest. With Cheirodendron trigynum, Broussaisia arguta, Diplazium sandwichianum, Mysine lessertiana, Cibotium, Antidesma platyphylla, Pritchardia martii, Syzgium sandwicensis, Bobea elatior, Pipturus, Scaev Preserved_Specimen Small grass with flowers and fruit, 6 inch ht. Perlman, S. 23546 Oahu BISH 2013-06-19
28 Dichanthelium koolauense Waikane-Schofield Trail, Koolau Range, Kahana Mossy divide. Preserved_Specimen Cushions up to 4 dm diam. St.John, H. 17622 Oahu BISH 1935-04-28
29 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, Halawa Trail, 200 yds. below summit On exposed cut bank of trail. Preserved_Specimen Two patches, 5 cm diam. St.John, H. 25127 Oahu BISH 1953-08-05
30 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Mountains; Moanalua Valley; Summit crest ridge In Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis lowland wet forest with Antidesma, Clermontia, Cyrtandra, Zanthoxylum, Myrsine, Melicope, Pritchardia, Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, Cheirodendron, Bobea. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 5928 Oahu BISH 1987-06-07
31 Dichanthelium koolauense Kahana-Wahiawa Divide Windswept ridge. Preserved_Specimen Bean, R.S. Oahu BISH 1930-01-19
32 Dichanthelium koolauense Waikane-Schofield Trail, Koolau Range, Kahana Mossy divide. Preserved_Specimen Cushions up to 4 dm diam. St.John, H. 17622 Oahu BISH 1935-04-28
33 Dichanthelium koolauense Kalauao Valley Montane Wet Forest/Montane Bog habitat, scattered in low, boggy vegetation along ridges, growing with Metrosideros polymorpha, Dicranopteris linearis, Bidens, Scaevola, Sadleria, Isachne. Hard, rocky substrate covered by 2-3 inches of moss. North/east aspect, with direct light ca. 60% of day. Preserved_Specimen Small-bladed grass spreading by stolons, growing in patchy mats; spikelets present. Healthy; ca. 25 plants. LeGrande, M. 1349 Oahu BISH 2003-11-18
34 Dichanthelium koolauense right side of cleft in mtn. at summit of Poamoho overlooking Punaluu On windward side of cliff; with Lycopodium serratum, Vaccinium, etc. Preserved_Specimen Forms dense mats. Davis, J. 11763 Oahu BISH 1977-11-15
35 Dichanthelium koolauense Halawa Trail, Halawa, Koolau Range; over the rim of the main lateral ridge of the Koolau Range In dense turf at the cloud zone. Preserved_Specimen Urata, U. Oahu BISH 1952-12-14
36 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, divid betw. head of Waikane Gulch and head of Waikakalana Gulch On wet exposed ridge. Preserved_Specimen Forming tussocks. Hosaka, E.Y. 1878 Oahu BISH 1937-05-30
37 Dichanthelium koolauense Near summit of small ridge into Moanalua Valley, Moanalua, Honolulu Dist., Koolau Mts Growing on moss on windswept N face with Lobelia, Plantago and Dubautia. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 3307 Oahu BISH 1985-07-16
38 Dichanthelium koolauense Kipapa Gulch, Waipio On wet exposed ridge. Preserved_Specimen Dense turf. Fosberg, F.R. 9746 Oahu BISH 1933-06-08
39 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, head of Poamoho Trail at lip of pali overlooking Punaluu Valley On moist ground. Preserved_Specimen Small bunches of tussocks, 10-20 cm high; fl. not seen. Bryan Jr., E.H. 1497 Oahu BISH 1940-12-22
40 Dichanthelium koolauense Top of Poamoho Trail, crest at head of Punaluu Valley, Koolau Mts Wet turfy crest. Preserved_Specimen Mat-forming. Fosberg, F.R. 13333 Oahu BISH 1936-11-22
41 Dichanthelium koolauense Main divide, crest of Koolau Mts., above Kaipaupau Small open bog. Preserved_Specimen Forming rounded tussocks. Fosberg, F.R. 13987 Oahu BISH 1937-05-31
42 Dichanthelium koolauense Kaluanui. Northern Koolau Mountains. Growing on vertical dripping wall with Leucobryum pachyphyllum, Dicranodontium porodictyon, Vaccinium spp., Sadleria squarrosa, Cibotium glaucum, Micrschizaea robusta, Miconia crenata, Pterolepis glomerata, and others. Area dominated by native wet forest composed of Metrosideros polymorpha, Melicope spp., Cheirodendron spp., Antidesma platyphyllum, Phylostegia grandiflora, Sadleria spp., Cibotium spp., Dicranopteris linearis, and Psychotria spp. Preserved_Specimen Small tufts of grass with leaves and stems hairy. Axes of infloresence also hairy. Thomas, M.K. 606 Oahu BISH 2023-09-06
43 Dichanthelium koolauense Kipapa Trail to summit ridge, Koolau Range On wind- and cloud-swept summit. Preserved_Specimen Forming tussocks; Anthers and stigma purplish red. Degener, O. 9997 Oahu BISH 1935-06-02
44 Dichanthelium koolauense Summit of Mt. Eke Bog. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10830 Maui BISH 1927-08-30
45 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, back of Kipapa, near summit On exposed bank. Preserved_Specimen Beardsley, J.W. Oahu BISH 1958-04-17
46 Dichanthelium koolauense Summit of Mt. Eke Bog. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10830 Maui BISH 1927-08-30
47 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, divid betw. head of Waikana Gulch and head of Waikakalana Gulch On wet exposed ridge. Preserved_Specimen Forming mat. Hosaka, E.Y. 1882 Oahu BISH 1937-05-30
48 Dichanthelium koolauense Main divide, crest of Koolau Mts., betw. head of Poamoho Gulch and head of Punaluu Valley Wet turfy exposed ridge. Preserved_Specimen Tussocks. Fosberg, F.R. 13943 Oahu BISH 1937-05-30
49 Dichanthelium koolauense Ridge S of Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts Rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Morley, H. 56 Oahu BISH 1933-12-10
50 Dichanthelium koolauense Main divide, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts On wet denuded ridge. Preserved_Specimen Forming mat. Hosaka, E.Y. 709 Oahu BISH 1932-09-18
51 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, Halawa-Haiku ridge On windswept crest. Preserved_Specimen Growing in thick mats. Webster, G.L. 1551 Oahu BISH 1948-03-01
52 Dichanthelium koolauense Schofield trail - top of ridge Preserved_Specimen type locality Whitney, L.D. 3868 Oahu BISH 1935-09-10
53 Dichanthelium koolauense Poamoho, clearing at the summit divide Preserved_Specimen Forming tussocks in orographic cloud. Takeuchi, W.N. 2223 Oahu BISH 1985-06-09
54 Dichanthelium koolauense Halawa trail, crest of Koolau Range Preserved_Specimen Occasional; growing in tufts. Egler, F.E. 37163 Oahu BISH 1937-05-23
55 Dichanthelium koolauense Main divide, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts On wet windswept ridge. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 630 Oahu BISH 1932-07-04
56 Dichanthelium koolauense Poamoho Trail overlook to Windward coast, also seen on cuts of Koolau crest trail betw. Poamoho and Castle Trail summits Preserved_Specimen Tufted mat forming grass. Stemmermann, R.L. 1222 Oahu BISH 1976-10-30
57 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolau Range, Paalaa-Wahiawa, Poamoho Trail, summit Dry open area. Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 240 Oahu BISH 1946-10-20
58 Dichanthelium koolauense Halawa trail, crest of Koolau Range Preserved_Specimen Occasional; growing in tufts. Egler, F.E. 37163 Oahu BISH 1937-05-23
59 Dichanthelium koolauense Kipapa Gulch, ridge on right-hand side Preserved_Specimen Forming one large cushion. Kondo, Y. Oahu BISH 1946-04-14
60 Dichanthelium koolauense W Maui, Keahikauo Bog, Eke Trail Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 933 Maui BISH 1980-10-22
61 Dichanthelium koolauense Overlooking Wahiawa from Punaluu Mts Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-05-08
62 Dichanthelium koolauense Poamoho Trail, Koolau Range Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 51 Oahu BISH 1955-11-22
63 Dichanthelium koolauense Koolauloa Mts. betw. Punaluu and Kaipaupau; main ridge overlooking Wahiawa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-05-08
64 Dichanthelium koolauense Mts. near Punaluu? Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Oahu BISH 1930-01-01
65 Dichanthelium koolauense Kipapa-Waiahole summit Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. Oahu BISH 1946-07-04
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